The Most Profitable Summer Hay Crops in Georgia: Our warm summers and fertile soil make it an ideal location to grow a variety of hay crops. For farmers and agricultural enthusiasts, choosing the right forage during the summer can mean the difference between a good growing season and a truly profitable one. J & J Hay Farms is available for all your hay knowledge and needs!
But when it comes to hay, it’s not just about yields—it’s about safety, nutrition, and market appeal, particularly for horse owners and livestock farmers. This blog explores the top warm-season grasses that thrive in Georgia, focusing on those that are both horse-safe and highly profitable. Whether you’re already in the hay business or looking to diversify, here’s what you need to know.
Why Choose Summer Hay in Georgia
When summer arrives, warm-season grasses take center stage. These grasses are adapted to Georgia’s high-temperature conditions and offer hearty yields during the hottest months of the year. Unlike cool-season grasses that may struggle in peak summer, these varieties grow rapidly, making them a staple for farmers looking to maximize productivity through efficient crop cycles.
Additionally, with Georgia’s growing equestrian industry and a high demand for livestock feed, summer hay crops can generate significant profit when managed properly. However, not all grasses are created equal—choosing the right species matters when appealing to the horse feed market or for general livestock nutrition.
5 Types of Warm-Season Grasses Perfect for Georgia
1. Bermudagrass
The Gold Standard of Southern Hay
Bermudagrass is hands down one of the most popular and productive hay crops in Georgia. This warm-season perennial thrives in temperatures typical of the state’s summer months and is known for its durability and high yield. Types such as Coastal, Tifton 85, and Russell Bermudagrass have excellent forage quality.
Why It’s Profitable
- High Yields: Bermudagrass can produce up to 5-7 tons of hay per acre with proper fertilization.
- Market Demand: Highly sought after for horse owners and cattle farmers due to its digestibility and nutrient profile.
- Regrowth Capabilities: Once harvested, it can regrow quickly, allowing for multiple cuts within a single summer.
Considerations for Success
To get the most profit from Bermudagrass, regular soil testing and proper fertilization are essential. Overgrazing can also reduce yields, so rotational cropping practices are recommended.
2. Bahiagrass
Low Maintenance, High Return
If you’re looking for a hardy option that requires less babysitting, Bahiagrass might be your best bet. While not as nutrient-dense as Bermudagrass, it makes up for this with its exceptional drought tolerance, particularly in southern parts of Georgia where water availability varies.
Why It’s Profitable
- Low Input Costs: Bahiagrass grows well with minimal fertilization, saving money.
- Hardy Nature: It can withstand heavier grazing or less-than-ideal conditions.
- Resilient Storage: Once baled, this hay retains quality when stored for long periods, making it a safe investment for fluctuating market conditions.
For farmers targeting livestock rather than horses, Bahiagrass can generate steady income without the steep costs of high-input crops.
3. Alfalfa (Warm-Season Growth Management)
The Premium Crop
Although Alfalfa is traditionally a cool-season crop, modern agricultural practices and hybrid cultivars allow it to thrive during Georgia’s summer months. Alfalfa is revered for its protein-packed leaves, making it a favorite among horse owners who desire high-quality feed.
Why It’s Profitable
- Premium Pricing: Alfalfa hay markets command higher prices compared to Bermudagrass or Bahiagrass.
- Versatility: Ideal for horses, sheep, and goats, offering a wide customer base.
- Improved Soil Fertility: Alfalfa fixes nitrogen back into the soil, reducing future fertilizer needs for rotations.
Keep in mind that Alfalfa requires careful irrigation and pest management. But the high-value returns make the intensive care well worth it.
4. Teff Grass
The Newcomer Making Waves
Over the last few years, Teff Grass has rapidly gained popularity among Georgia farmers. This warm-season annual is fast-growing, drought-resistant, and ideal as horse-safe forage. Its fine stems and soft texture make it particularly attractive to picky eaters like horses.
Why It’s Profitable
- Fast Turnaround: Teff can be harvested just 45-50 days after planting.
- Flexible Harvesting: Ideal for farmers looking to supplement their hay inventory or diversify market offerings during peak seasons.
- Low Inputs/High Output: It thrives with minimal fertilization in well-drained soils.
Teff Grass also appeals to organic and sustainability-minded customers, adding further value to your operation’s overall branding.
5. Pearl Millet
High Tonnage Powerhouse
Pearl Millet is another warm-season annual that packs a punch in terms of both yield and resilience. Its adaptability to sandy or less fertile soils makes it particularly suited for areas across Georgia where traditional crops might underperform.
Why It’s Profitable
- Impressive Yields: Pearl Millet can generate up to 5 tons of hay per acre.
- Safe for Horses: Unlike some other crops, it does not produce prussic acid, which can be toxic to horses.
- Great for Multi-Cutting: Once harvested, it regrows quickly, offering multiple cuts in one season.
Be mindful of over-fertilization, which can lead to nitrate accumulation. Control this with soil testing.
Best Practices for Profitable Hay Production in Georgia
Regardless of the hay type you choose, following these general guidelines will ensure maximum yield and profitability.
- Conduct Soil Testing: Understand your soil’s specific nutrient needs to avoid wasteful or excessive fertilization.
- Invest in Proper Irrigation: While many warm-season grasses are drought-tolerant, well-timed irrigation can boost yields significantly.
- Optimize Cutting Timing: For the highest nutritional value, time your hay cutting right before grasses flower.
- Store Hay Properly: Use well-ventilated, waterproof storage spaces to preserve bales from mold and spoilage.
Cater to the Horse Market
Given that horses are particularly common among Georgia’s agricultural customers, focusing your hay production on horse-safe crops like Bermudagrass, Teff Grass, or Alfalfa can be a strategic decision. Consider marketing directly to local horse owners or equestrian centers in your area to secure steady, high-margin sales.
Your Next Steps
By selecting the right warm-season grasses and implementing best practices, you can set yourself up for a profitable summer and beyond. Diversifying crops with the The Most Profitable Summer Hay Crops in Georgia and catering to niche but growing markets—like equestrian enthusiasts—could further increase your success.